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    What module would you use if you wanted to parse command-line arguments to your Python script?


    The argparse module. For example:

    import argparse
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
    parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+', help='an integer for the accumulator')
    parser.add_argument('--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const', const=sum, default=max, help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to manually trigger a garbage collection to free up memory?


    The gc module. For example:

    import gc
    
    gc.collect()
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to terminate a script prematurely?


    The sys module. For example:

    import sys
    sys.exit()
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to get a list of all Mondays in a month?


    The calendar module. For example:

    >>> import calendar
    >>> year = 2023
    >>> month = 4
    >>> ndays = calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]
    >>> mondays = [
    >>>     day
    >>>     for day in range(1, ndays + 1)
    >>>     if calendar.weekday(year, month, day) == calendar.MONDAY
    >>> ]
    >>> print(mondays)
    [3, 10, 17, 24]
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to analyze a script to find the set of modules imported by it?


    The modulefinder module. For example:

    from modulefinder import ModuleFinder
    finder = ModuleFinder()
    finder.run_script('your_script.py')
    print('Loaded modules:', finder.modules)
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to determine the execution time of a small code snippet?


    The timeit module. For example:

    import timeit
    timeit.timeit('char in text', setup='text = "sample text"; char = "e"', number=10000)
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to define a named, unique set of values to represent states, types, settings, etc.?


    The enum module. For example:

    from enum import Enum
    class Color(Enum):
        RED = 1
        GREEN = 2
        BLUE = 3
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to verify that a function returns expected results for given inputs?


    The unittest module. For example:

    import unittest
    
    class TestSum(unittest.TestCase):
        def test_sum(self):
            self.assertEqual(sum([1, 2, 3]), 6, "Should be 6")
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to hint that a variable could either be an integer or None?


    The typing module. For example:

    from typing import Optional
    
    number: Optional[int] = None
    

    What module would you use if you wanted to securely hash passwords for storage in a database?


    The hashlib module. For example:

    import hashlib
    
    password = 'secret_password'.encode()
    hashed_password = hashlib.sha256(password).hexdigest()
    

    However, rolling your own solution for password storage is generally discouraged. Check the OWASP guidelines if that's what you want to do it.




    The decks

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    Get a grasp of all the functionality just one import away.

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    In this deck, we have collected dozens of tricks in Pytudes so you can come closer to his genius.

    Nomenclature
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    Learn the concepts and words of Python: type hints, context managers, methods, comprehensions, generic functions…

    Knowing the words is a first step towards a complete mental model of Python.

    Built-ins
    Coming soon

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    The list is short, but holds huge power.


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